IMO there is no gelcoat on that helmet, just a brushed up layer or regular laminating resin... That is probably what is leading to the problems...
Laminating resin is not gelcoat but many people take a short cut and use it for that purpose, either not knowing any better or simply not caring...
They are certainly similar resins, but they are tailored to a specific purpose and excel in their designed purpose...
IMO what you are experiencing here is the builder used layup resin as a gelcoat, and they let it 'dry' and then proceeded to doing the rest of the layup... The problem with this is that layup resin traditionally has dissolved wax in it, when you let it dry the wax migrates to the top and forms a barrier very similar to mold release... When you then proceed to layup the next layer the bond is simply not there if you let it 'dry' too much as not all the wax gets dissolved, not to mention polyester doesn't stick to itself very well to begin with if dry...
So what IMO is happening is that you are experiencing de-lamination of the brushed on fake gelcoat and the layer behind it, and to aggravate the problem it's not real gelcoat so it lacks the harder and more structural nature of real gelcoat...
Part of the reason I come to this conclusion is from the pictures you can see a difference in color of the resin around the damaged areas suggesting de-lamination...
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If my memory serves me correctly, when i was originally building this under the watchful eye of Ojika, i layered all the fibreglass in the mold, once the mold had been completely covered i did continuly layer brush over the dome with a Resin type material so what the poster above is saying is very much spot on.
I was told while doing this that it would make the dome stronger, it would seem from this evidence then if its indeed happened before that corners were cut and Ojika is not the master prop maker he makes himself out to be.
Im not trying to discredit anyone here but when your being taught something you dont know by someone in the know you tend to think that thats the right way..............